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Canara, also known as Karāvali, is the historically significant stretch of land situated by the southwestern coast of India, alongside the in the present-day Indian state of .

(2025). 9781351544382, Routledge.
The subregion comprises three civil districts, namely: , , and .

was included prior to the States Reorganisation Act.


Etymology
According to historian Severino da Silva, the ancient name for this region is Parashurama Srushti (creation of ). According to him and , the name Canara is the invention of Portuguese, , and people who visited the area for trade from the early sixteenth century onwards. The Dynasty, under whose rule this tract was at that time, was known to them as the Kannada Dynasty, i.e., the dynasty speaking the . "Karāvalli", the Kannada word for 'coast', is the term used by to refer to this region. The letter 'd' being always pronounced like 'r' by the , the district was named by them as 'Canara' (a corruption of the word "Kannada"). This name was retained by the British after their occupation of the district in 1799, and has remained ever since. However, they also say that this issue is controversial.


History
Since antiquity, much of the Canara coast occupied a culturally distinct area known as . Historically, Tulu Nadu lay between the in the north and the in the south.

Currently, Tulu Nadu consists of the Udupi and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka, and the Manjeshwaram taluk of .

The Uttara Kannada district in general is considered to be the southernmost part of the coast.

(2025). 9780521526401, CUP.
Specifically, the littoral region north of the Gangavalli River is traditionally included in the Konkan. Memorandum on Maharashtra-Mysore border dispute to the Commission on Maharashtra-Mysore-Kerala boundary disputes. 1967. Government of Maharashtra. p. 59.

The Portuguese occupied Kanara from 1498–1763. During this period, the geographical extent of Canara stretched from the southern banks of the Kali River in Karwar in the north to the northern banks of the Chandragiri River in in the south.

In 1799, after the conclusion of the Fourth Mysore War, the took over the region and established the Canara district of the Madras Presidency. The district was bifurcated into the North and South Canara districts in 1859. The North Canara district was transferred to the Bombay Presidency whereas the district remained under the jurisdiction of the Madras Presidency. South Canara encompassed the undivided territory of the contemporary , , and Kasaragod districts.

After India's independence in 1947, the Bombay Presidency was reconstituted as the . Following the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, the southern portion of was added to , which was renamed in 1972. Kasaragod was included in Kerala. Subsequently, North and South Canara were renamed Uttara Kannada and Dakshina Kannada respectively. In 1997, Udupi district was carved out of the bigger Dakshina Kannada district.

(1998). 9788170995869, Mittal Publications.


Geography
The Kanara region forms the coast of situated on the south-western portion of . Coastal Karnataka forms the northern segment of the .

Kanara constitutes an area of about 10,000 square kilometres (4,000 square miles).

It is bounded by to the north, the to the east, the to the south, and the to the west.

It stretches from north to south for about 225 kilometres (140 miles) and has a maximum width of about 64 kilometres (40 miles) in the south.


Civil administration
Contemporary Kanara extends from the village of Majali in the north to the village of Talapady in the south.
(2025). 9788170228486, Concept Publishing Company.
The three districts in the region: , , and have their capitals in , , and respectively.


Demographics
The Kanara region have 3 Districts: , , and . The combined population of these districts, according to the 2011 Census is about 47,04,179 .


Languages
The main languages that are closely associated with the Kanara region are , and .


See also


Notes
Konkan is now held to include all the land which lies between the Western Ghats and the Indian Ocean, from the latitude of Daman on the north to that of Terekhol, on the Goa frontier, on the south.
     
(1988). 9788120602755, Asian Educational Services.
Although most sources generally assign Kanara (Karavali) to the Malabar Coast, some other sources consider it to be a subterritory of the Konkan Coast.
(2025). 9789004346321, BRILL.
Consequently, this segment is thought to overlap the Konkan and Malabar Coast continuum; and usually corresponds to the southernmost and northernmost stretches of these locales respectively.


Citations

Further reading


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